Matruh
Mersa Matruh, also known as Matruh, is a small coastal city located in the northwestern part of Egypt, approximately 235 kilometers (146 miles) west of Alexandria. Situated on the Mediterranean coast, Matruh has a rich history dating back to ancient times, making it an attractive destination for tourists and archaeologists alike. In this article, we will delve into the history and significance of Matruh, exploring its ancient past, architectural marvels, and modern-day attractions.
Ancient History
Matruh’s history dates back to the Ptolemaic period (323-30 BCE), when it was an important port city and a major center for trade and commerce. The city’s strategic location on the Mediterranean coast made it a key hub for the transportation of goods and people between Egypt and the Mediterranean region. During this period, Matruh was known as “Mersa” or “the port,” which is still reflected in its modern name.
The city’s ancient past is evident in its many archaeological sites, including the ruins of a temple dedicated to the goddess Isis, which dates back to the 2nd century BCE. The temple, which was discovered in the 19th century, is one of the best-preserved ancient sites in the region and features a beautiful entrance with two granite columns.
Roman and Byzantine Eras
During the Roman period (30 BCE-395 CE), Matruh became an important military base and a center for grain production. The city’s harbor was expanded and fortified, and many public buildings were constructed, including a theater and a basilica. The city’s strategic location also made it a key point for trade between Egypt and Rome.
In the Byzantine era (395-641 CE), Matruh continued to thrive as a commercial center, with many churches and monasteries built during this period. The city’s ancient churches feature beautiful mosaics and frescoes, which are still visible today.
Ottoman Rule and Modern Era
In the 16th century, Matruh came under Ottoman rule, which brought significant changes to the city. The Ottomans built many new buildings, including mosques and forts, which added to the city’s rich architectural heritage. During this period, Matruh became an important center for cotton production and trade.
In the early 20th century, Matruh became a popular tourist destination due to its stunning beaches and scenic views of the Mediterranean Sea. The construction of the Alexandria-Matruh railway line in 1928 made it easier for tourists to reach the city from Cairo.
Modern-Day Attractions
Today, Mersa Matruh is a charming coastal city that offers a unique blend of ancient history and modern amenities. Visitors can explore the city’s many archaeological sites, including the ancient temple dedicated to Isis, the Roman fortifications, and several Byzantine churches.
The city’s beaches are another major attraction, with crystal-clear waters and powdery white sand making them perfect for swimming and sunbathing. Visitors can also enjoy water sports such as surfing and kayaking.
Matruh is also known for its vibrant souks (markets), where visitors can buy local handicrafts, souvenirs, and fresh produce. The city’s seafood restaurants serve delicious fresh seafood dishes, while its cafes offer stunning views of the Mediterranean Sea.
Conclusion
Mersa Matruh is a hidden gem of Egypt’s western desert, offering a unique blend of ancient history and modern attractions. From its strategic location on the Mediterranean coast to its rich cultural heritage, Matruh is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring Egypt’s fascinating past. Whether you’re interested in archaeology, history, or simply relaxing on one of its stunning beaches, Mersa Matruh has something to offer everyone.
